深水钻井防喷器选配关键因素分析

Analysis of the Key Factors for Configuring Deepwater Drilling BOP

深水钻井防喷器组是保证海洋深水钻井安全的最关键设备。介绍了深水钻井防喷器组的基本配置方法,分析了防喷器组配置的关键因素,重点研究了闸板数量和类型、防喷器高度和压力等级、节流压井管线、蓄能器能力与辅助控制系统等。最后指出,应确保所有剪切闸板具有剪切特定钻杆及套管的能力,测试闸板和管子闸板不可混用,万能防喷器可考虑只采用1个;应确保ROV动作满足规范规定的响应时间要求,不推荐声纳辅助控制系统,应对新增辅助控制系统进行风险分析,以确保设计能兼容并能实现相应的功能;合适的防喷器配置有助于保证深水钻井安全,应该针对具体情况,制定统一的深水防喷器闸板和辅助控制系统配置标准规范。

The deepwater drilling blowout preventer （BOP） stack is the most important equipment for ensuring offshore deepwater drilling safety. The basic method of configuration of the deepwater drilling BOP stack was introduced. The key factors of the BOP stack configuration were analyzed. The research focus was on the numbers and types of rams, BOP height and pressure level, throttling well killing pipeline, energy accumulator capacity and auxiliary control system. Finally, it was pointed out that the capacity of cutter ram to shear special drill pipe and casing should be ensured. The testing ram and pipe ram cannot be mixed in use. Only one universal BOP may be considered. The ROV movement should be ensured to satisfy the response time requirement provided by the specifications. The sonar-assisted control system is not recommended. The risk analysis of the newly added auxiliary control system should be conducted so as to ensure the design compatibility and achievement of the corresponding function. The suitable BOP configuration helps to guarantee the deepwater drilling safety. The unified standard specifications for configuring the deepwater BOP ram and auxiliary control system should be made according to the specific conditions.