船用锅炉蒸汽余热吸附式空调的试验研究

Experimental Study of Ship's Adsorption Air Conditioning System Powered by Boiler's Steam

吸附空调系统船用的关键是其供冷量能否适应船舶空调舱室热负荷的变化。在实验室中建立了由锅炉低压蒸汽驱动的五吸附床,制冷系统使用氨-复合吸附剂。根据夏季典型空调工况下计算的热负荷,实验研究了制冷系统供冷量与空调负荷变化之间的适配性。结果表明:系统供冷量除受循环冷却水和蒸汽的流量、温度的影响外,还受吸附床加热和冷却时间的影响;必须通过优化吸附床结构、调整吸附床的吸脱附时间,才能使蒸汽驱动的吸附制冷系统实用化。

Conformability between cooling capacity of an adsorption air conditioning system and heat load of the ship＇s central air conditioning system is crucial to the application of the adsorption refrigeration on board ship. Based on current COP value obtained from a steam powered adsorption refrigeration unit, ammonia - compound adsorbent is selected as a working pair and the unit packed with five adsorption beds powered by steam is equipped for supplying the cooling capacity to an air conditioning room. Performance analys^s of the unit is carried out in terms of the comparison between heat load in the room and cooling capacity of the unit under different flow rates and temperatures of cooling water and steam. It is shown that fluctuation of temperature/flow rate of the cooling water and the steam results in the variation of the cooling capacity of the unit. Results also reveal that duration of cooling or heating the adsorbent bed is also vital to the performance of the unit. Conclusions are drawn, that is, optimization of the construction of the adsorbent bed and the selection of the circulation duration of cooling/heating medium should be carried out for the practical application of the adsorption refrigeration on board ship.