基于语料库的成语语义考察及新义位的确立

Investigation of Idioms Semantics Based on the Corpus and the Establishment of New Sememes

本文基于北京大学中国语言学研究中心的现代汉语语料库(CCL语料库)对部分常用热点成语的语义进行考察,对照成语词典(主要是《新华成语词典》)的释义,发现部分成语发生了语义变异,即在现实使用中出现了偏离词典释义的用法,分别统计出符合和偏离词典释义的用例数和所占比例。观察成语在语料库中的语义分布特点,基于考察结果确立了一些成语的新义位,分析了新义位产生的途径和依据,并在真实语料中印证了词语的义位与其在词典中的义项不能完全对应的观点。

this paper investigates some hot idiom semantics in common use based on the modern Chinese corpus of Chinese linguistics research center of Beijing university. According to the idiom dictionary （mainly to Xinhua Idiom Dictionary）, we found some idioms meanings have been changed, i.e. in real use they deviate from the dictionary definition usage. It respectively sums up the example number according with and deviating from the dictionary definitions, and the proportion. It observes the distribution characteristics of idioms in the corpus. Based on the investigation results, it has established new sememes of some idioms and analyzed the ways and causes the new sememes generated. In the real corpus, the opinions of the paper have been proved.