剩余创造、分配安排与农民专业合作社前景

Surplus Creation,Division of Earning and the Future of Farmers' Professional Cooperatives

合作剩余创造与分配制度安排是农民专业合作社发展的两个核心问题。利用山东省135家农民专业合作社调查数据,实证考察农民专业合作社的合作剩余创造与分配制度安排问题发现:合作剩余主要源于合作社产品集中销售的价格溢价和农资集中采购的价格优惠;合作剩余分配包括社员层面的利益回报和合作社层面的盈余返还,前者为合作社收购产品和销售农资时向社员所提供的价格改进及其他各项免费服务,后者包括"按交易返利"、"按股分红"和"两者相结合"等不同类型的分配制度,其选择主要受到合作社领办主体身份类型、社员入股要求和社员规模等因素的影响。

To create cooperation surplus and its distribution is the key problem in the development of farmers＇ cooperatives.Utilizing the survey data of 135 apple cooperatives in Shandong Province,this paper quantitatively analyzed the creation of cooperation surplus and the institutional arrangement of distribution.The paper demonstrated that cooperation surplus originate from the price premium of centralized marketing and preferential price of centralized purchasing of inputs.The distribution of cooperation surplus has two facets： members and cooperatives.Cooperatives not only improve prices buy purchasing and selling,but also provide technology guidance and market information.In the level of cooperatives,there are three ways off surplus distribution： distribution according to patron,share,or a combination of patron and share.The decision is influenced by identity of the founders,farmers＇ demand on becoming shareholders and size of membership.