台湾登革热的流行与控制

The Epidemic and Control of Dengue Fever in Taiwan

20世纪以来 ,台湾历经 1915～ 1916年、 1931年、 1942～ 1943年 3次全岛性登革热大流行 ,此后 38年流行静息 ,1981年再度发生流行 ,至今尚未遏阻。 1993年以前 ,以登革 型病毒为主 ,1994年以后 ,病毒型别多样 ,台北、台南以 型为主 ,而南部高雄地区则以 型为主。调查显示 ,台湾登革热流行在南部以埃及伊蚊为主要媒介 ,而台中、台北则以白纹伊蚊为主要媒介。 1988年 12月为控制登革热流行 ,台湾卫生署和环境保护署成立了“登革热防治中心”,制定了“登革热防治计划”和“登革热防治中程计划”,从疫情监视、病媒调查、喷药灭蚊、蚊媒孳生地消除、卫生宣传教育、检验和医疗各方面积极开展防治工作 ,取得一定成效。继中程防治计划完成后 ,又着手制定“登革热第二期中程计划”现正在实施之中。

There were three major outbreaks of dengue fever (1915-1916, 1931 and 1942-1943 respectively) in Taiwan. The disease reemerged in Taiwan since 1981. Etiological study showed that dengue virus Type-1 was the major type before 1993. But the virus varied since 1994, Type-1 in the north and south but Type-3 in the south (Gaoxiong City). The transmission vectors, Aedes aegypti was the principal one in the south, but Aedes albopictu in the center and the north. The Center for Prevention and Control of Dengue Fever was set up and the general plans of control dengue fever were formulated in Dec. 1988. The control activities have made some progress in epidemic surveillance, vector investigation, mosquitoes control, health education, serological test and medication etc. The plan for the second metaphase has been implementing.