中国制造业部门劳动报酬比重的下降及其动因分析

The Decreasing of Labor-share in China's Manufacturing Sector and Its Mechanism Analysis

本文发现中国制造业部门中存在劳动报酬比重过低,以及增长乏力的典型事实,是造成中国宏观层面的劳动报酬占GDP比重持续降低的重要因素。企业微观层面的经验结果表明:资本报酬提升的挤压、资本偏向性的技术进步、资本密集度的提高,以及外资进入,是对我国制造业企业劳动报酬比重造成抑制效应的重要因素。而且,劳动力的地区流动也对我国制造业企业劳动报酬比重造成负面效应。相对于其他所有制类型企业,民营企业中的劳动报酬比重更低,这是造成我国制造业劳动报酬比重偏低的重要因素。相反,市场竞争程度的提高、地区劳动者保护程度的强化,以及员工工资的提高,对我国制造业企业劳动报酬比重起到正面促进作用。我们还发现,企业规模和年龄与企业劳动报酬比重之间的正相关关系表明,企业成长会朝着有利于劳动者利益的方向发展。进一步的稳健性分析也从各个方面验证了以上结论。我们的研究成果充分说明从微观视角来重新审视中国所面临劳动报酬比重降低问题的成因,尤为具有重要的理论和实践意义。

This paper observed the stylized fact that the proportion of labor remuneration is too low and the sluggish growth in China＇s manufacturing sector,which caused China＇s macro-level labor-share of GDP continued to reduce as an important factor.The results showed that： the squeezing of increased return on capital,capital biased technological progress,enhanced capital-intensive and increased foreign investment are important factors leading to the inhibitory effect on labor-share.Moreover,labor flows also cause negative effects on the labor-share.Compared with other ownership types of enterprises,labor-share in the private enterprise is lower,which is an important causation of the lowering of labor-share in the manufacturing sector.On the contrary,the improvement in the level of competition in the market,the enhancing level of protection of regional workers and the improvement of wages played a positive role in promoting the labor share of manufacturing enterprises in China.We also found a positive correlation between firm size,firm age and the proportion of labor remuneration,which implies firm＇s growth will be beneficial for the interest of the labor.Further robustness of the analysis from all aspects serves for the proof of above conclusions.The results of our study fully convinced that re-examining the causes of China＇s labor-share reduced from the micro perspective has an important theoretical and practical significance.