立体生态区水稻定量促控栽培技术的增产机理

Research on the Mechanism of Grain Yield Increase of Rice by Quantitative Intensifying and Controlling Cultivation Under an Erect Ecology in Yunnan Province of China

【目的】检验水稻定量促控栽培技术(RP)的适应性,并探索其增产机理。【方法】于2008—2009年在云南省6个生态区,以当地的主栽品种为材料,设置RP技术与常规栽培技术的对比试验,调查叶龄、茎蘖数、产量及其构成因素。【结果】在6个生态区RP技术显著增产,2008年籼、粳稻分别增产16.0%和15.8%;2009年分别增产18.3%和15.3%;与常规栽培技术相比,RP技术增加穗肥的用量促进了颖花的分化并降低了颖花的退化,从而促进大穗的形成,提高了穗粒数。【结论】RP技术通过降低基本苗和高峰苗提高茎蘖成穗率,获得更多的有效穗,通过重施穗肥促进大穗的形成,显著扩大库容量,最终获得高产。基于此提出了不同生态区12 t.hm-2水稻高产的群体指标。

【Objective】In order to research the mechanism of grain yield increase of rice by Quantitative Intensifying ＆ Controlling Cultivation（RQICC,RP）,which is a new cultivation for grain yield increase by less cost,in Yunnan Province,where there is an erect ecology,and divided into 6 environments for rice production.【Method】Field experiments were carried out in areas where the elevations are 750 and 2700 m above the sea level in Yunnan Province in 2008 and 2009.The contrast tests between RP and conventional cultivation of the main rice varieties,whose covering area was more than 1000 hm2 in the county,were carried out in six environments.The leaf age and tiller number were counted per week after transplanting.And the grain yield and its components were measured at mature stage.【Result】 Grain yield increased by 16.0% and 15.8% for Indica and Japonica by RP in 2008,respectively,and by 18.3% and 15.3% in 2009,respectively.More spikelet per m2 was the main factor for grain yield increase as the number of panicle per m2 or number of spikelet per panicle increased by RP cultivation.And there was no difference in seed setting rate and grain weight between two cultivations.The crop population values of 12 t.hm-2 grain yield rice under different environments were listed.【Conclusion】 Enough spikelet per m2 land was the base of high grain yield rice under different environments.This is a right way to increase grain yield by increasing spikelet number per m2,through increasing panicle-maximum tiller rate and using more nitrogen as panicle fertilize to initiate and keep more spikelet.