苹果密闭园不同间伐方式对光照、光合和生长结果的影响

Effects of Different Thinning Methods on Illumination, Photosynthetic, Growth and Fruiting in Airtight Apple Orchard

【目的】研究苹果密闭园的不同间伐方式对果园光照状况、叶片光合指标、果树生长和产量质量的影响,为密闭园的合理改造提供理论依据。【方法】以‘红富士’苹果郁闭园为试材,设计隔行间伐(A)、隔株间伐(B)和行内隔3去1间伐(C)3种处理和不间伐的对照(CK),对它们的光照、光合、树体生长以及产量和质量的相关指标进行测定分析。【结果】3年的结果表明,除CK外,各处理的树冠覆盖率在3年间均有不同程度的增长,但仍表现为CK>C>B>A;果园透光率和树冠内透光率表现为A>B>C>CK;在生长季,各处理叶片的净光合速率、羧化效率和水分利用效率表现为A>B>C>CK,各处理叶片的胞间CO2浓度结果与此相反;3处理每公顷的产量在间伐当年均明显低于CK的,但间伐第二年就可恢复,到间伐第三年处理A、B每公顷的产量则显著高于处理C和CK的;3年间各处理的平均单果重、着色指数、可溶性糖含量、滴定酸的含量、优质果率等质量指标均好于CK,具体表现为处理A、B的明显好于处理C和CK的。【结论】适宜的间伐方式除在短时间内产量有一定下降外,可从根本上改善果园光照状况、提高光合效率和果品质量。

【Objective】The aim of this study was to study the effects of different thinning methods on illumination,photosynthetic,growth and fruiting in airtight apple orchard,and then provide a theoretical basis for the renovation of the old orchard.【Method】The ‘Red Fuji’ apple airtight orchard was used in this study,and three different thinning methods,were interlaced thinning（A）,septum strain thinning（B）,every four trees cutting one in the line（C） and the control（CK）,and then the related indexes of illumination,photosynthetic,growth and fruiting were determined and analyzed.【Result】The results showed that in different treatments,except CK,despite the different levels of growth of coverage rate of crown,the a performance was in the order of CK〉C 〉B〉A,and light transmittance and intracoronal light transmittance were A〉B〉C〉CK.In the growing season,in different treatments,net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,carboxylation efficiency（CE） and water use efficiency（WUE） were A〉B〉C〉CK,while intercellular CO2concentration（CI） was the the contrary;In terms of yield,three different treatments were significantly lower than the control per hectare in the first year,but the yield recovered the next year,and in the third year A and B were significantly higher than C and CK.The colouring index,soluble sugars,titration acid and the rate of high quality fruits of different thinning methods were higher than CK,shown in detail as A and B were significantly higher than C and CK.【Conclusion】The suitable thinning methods can fundamentally improve orchard illumination,leaves photosynthesis of leavs,fruit tree growth,yield and quality,although the yield can be decreased in a period.