西方高等教育学术性与职业性价值取向的关系演变与启示

The Evolution of Relationship on Value Orientation between Academy and Profession in Western Higher Education and Its Enlightenment

高等教育学术性与职业性构成了两种相应的高等教育价值取向,不同的价值取向主要受特定历史时期社会发展需求、历史文化传统、教育价值观等多种因素的影响。以学术性与职业性取向的关系演变为分析维度,西方高等教育从欧洲中世纪大学开始,大致经历了学术性与职业性并存、分化、冲突与协同、分化与融合的关系演变,总体上是学术性与职业性取向的交替演变,试图在二者的张力中寻求平衡。不同历史时期高等教育学术性与职业性取向并存于不同层次和类型的大学,但侧重点不同,没有绝对的学术性或职业性,它们既满足了各自时代的需求,也推动着高等教育不断发展。

Higher education in different trend on academy and profession constitutes respective value orientation which is mainly influenced by social needs ,historical and cultural tradition ,educational values and other factors.Taking the relationship evolution of academy-orientation and profession-orientation as dimensions for analysis,since from the medieval universities,the west higher education have experienced the historical evolution of academic and professional co-existence, differentiation, conflict and collaboration, differentiation and integration.On the whole,the trend of academy and profession for western higher education is changed in alternation to persue the balance between them udder the tension.The trend of academy and profession in different historical periods existed in different universities but in different stress without the unique one ,which not only meet the needs of times but also the continuous promotion of higher education＇ s development.