我国竞技体育奥运战略的历史审视:兼论奥运战略的可持续发展

The Historical Observation on Sports Olympics Strategy :Discussion on Sustainable Development of Olympics Strategy

以历史演变为切入点,总结分析奥运战略的主要特点与历史价值,并依据可持续发展理念提出重构改革的具体设想。研究表明:奥运战略在历史演变中形成了以为国争光为战略目标,以国家为发展主体,以"缩短战线,保证重点"为工作方针,以专业化的训练竞赛为战略依托的特点。在支撑竞技体育改革发展的同时,也面临着目标取向单一、运作模式背离社会整体改革趋势,发展方式滞后,以及发展效益低下等现实问题。依据可持续发展理念,奥运战略的调整和改革应当以全面提升竞技体育整体实力和综合竞争力为战略目标,在发展思路上应由赶超发展转变为协调发展,运作方式应由管办一体转向管办分离,以项目布局调整、人才培养、训练竞赛,以及后勤保障为战略重点。

From the history evolving,this paper analyzes and summarizes the characteristic and historical value of Olympics strategy,and based on the concept of sustainable development put forward concrete reform reconstruction.The research suggests that wining glory for country should take ＂shorten front,promise a point＂ as work policy,the professional training and contest as the strategy foundation.But the orientation,the operation mode,the development way and benefits low also face some problem.Based on the concept of sustainable development,adjustment and reform Olympics strategy should take the improving the overall strength and competitiveness as the strategic target,establishment the comprehensive and coordinated development idea,operation mode should be integrated by the separation of the steering,with the project layout,talent cultivation and training of competition and logistics as the strategic focus.