地震灾区青少年心身健康分析及其干预性研究

Analysis of psychosomatic health of the adolescents in the earthquake disaster area and intervention study

目的探讨汶川地震灾区青少年心身健康特点及影响因素,并观察干预效果。方法采用随机整群取样法,对867名地震灾区青少年(研究组)和1016名非地震灾区青少年(对照组)使用简易心身健康调查表进行测试,对研究组有心身障碍者进行针对性心理和药物干预。结果研究组心理因子分、躯体因子分、躯体总分、心理总分及心身总分均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。研究组女生在神经症状、焦虑状态、行为状态、其他情况、心理总分及心身总分上明显高于男生(P<0.01～0.05);高年龄段在骨骼肌肉症状、呼吸症状、心血管症状、神经症状、生殖泌尿症状、情绪状态、焦虑状态、行为状态、情感状态、其他情况、躯体总分、心理总分及心身总分上明显高于低年龄段(P<0.01～0.05)。研究组躯体症状与心理症状紧密相关(r为0.16～0.49,P<0.01);影响研究组心理总分的主要因素是年龄,其次是心理承受力;睡眠状态、年龄、行为状态则是躯体总分的主要影响因素。针对性心理和药物干预能有效缓解心身障碍者的心理和躯体症状。结论地震灾难对青少年心身健康损害明显,心理和药物干预效果明显。

Objective To explore the characters and influencing factors of psychosomatic health of the adolescents in Sichuan earthquake disaster area,and observe the effect of the intervention to those who suffered troubles.Methods By cluster random sampling,867 adolescents（Investigation Group） come from earthquake disaster area and 1016 not from earthquake disaster area（Control Group） were test by facility psychosomatic health scale.The suitable mental intervention and medication was performed to those produced psychosomatic health.Results All factor scores,total somatic score,total mental score and total psychosomatic score of investigation group were significantly higher than those of the control group（P0.01）.In investigation group,the factor scores of nerve,anxiety,behavior and other condition,total mental score and total psychosomatic score of the girls were obviously higher than those of the boys（P0.01~0.05）;the factor scores of bone-muscle,respiration,cardiovascular,nerve,urogenitale,emotion,anxiety,behavior,affection and other condition,total somatic score,total mental score and total psychosomatic score of the elder adolescents were significantly higher than those of the younger adolescents（P0.01~0.05）.The correlativity was found between mental status and somatic symptom of the investigation group（r was 0.16~0.49,P0.01）.The years of age were the main factors,resilience lesser factor,which had affected on the mental health of the earthquake disaster area adolescents,while sleeping,aging and behavior on somatic health.Mental and pharmaceutical intervention could availably relieve the symptoms of psychological and body.Conclusion It was seriously injury on the psychosomatic health of the adolescents in earthquake disaster area.There were significant effects on them with correctly mental intervention and medication.