三峡库区消涨带植被恢复策略

Revegetation Strategies for Water-Level Fluctuation Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region

三峡工程全面运行之后,水文条件发生巨大变化,新形成的消涨带(海拔145～175 m)原有植被大部分可能逐渐消亡。如何重建该地段植被成为科研人员和管理部门关注的热点问题。在文献综合分析的基础上,结合在三峡消涨带植被重建方面的前期工作,建议如下:首先对库区消涨带植被进行长期定位监测,了解新的水文条件下原有植被动态及命运,同时为消涨带植被人工重建提供备选物种;其次,评价土壤种子库恢复地上植被的潜力,结合地上植被监测结果,评价消涨带植被的自我恢复(更新)能力。在此基础上,综合生理生态学和生活史特征,筛选植被重建适宜物种。人工重建植被过程中,原有水田可以应用水生植物构建湿地植被;地势平缓,土壤条件较好的地段可以利用筛选的乔木、灌木和草本垂直配置构建人工植被。此后,至少需要5年监测和评估植被重建效果。

After the full functioning of the Three Gorges Dam （TGD） , the hydrologic regime will be markedly changed and most of the pre-dam vegetation in the new Water-Level Fluctuation Zone （ WLFZ） may fail to persist. How to revegetate WLFZ of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region （TGRR） has become a hot topic for the scientific community and the governments, Based on review of scientifle literature and the findings of our research, we here bring forward a scheme addressing stralegies for revegetation of WLFZ of TC.RR. Firstly, monitor vegetation dynamics based on permanent plots along the Three Gorges upstream from TGD, potentially providing suitable plants for the future revegetation plans. Secondly, examine the potential of soil seed bank for revegetation of the above-ground vegetation, and evaluate self-regeneralinn of the post-dam vege- tation. Based on lhese data, select suitable planls for revegetation that integrate desirable physillogical and liD-history traits. Specifically, wetland vegetation could be mstructed with lotus （ Nelumbo nucifera） and aquatic plants. For sites with gentle terrain and fairly hospitable soil conditions, vertical planting of trees, shrubs and grasses/forbs ahmg the elevation gradient could be considered. To attain the sustainable vegetation cover, the newly artificial vegetation shouhl he monitored for at least 5 years.