灌溉方式和有机无机氮比例对水稻产量与水分利用的影响

Effects of irrigation method and ratio of organic to inorganic nitrogen on yield and water use of rice

通过盆栽试验,研究了3种有机无机氮比例,即60%无机氮+40%有机氮(F1)、80%无机氮+20%有机氮(F2)、100%无机氮(F3),和3种灌溉方式,即常规灌溉(FIR)、控制灌溉(CIR)和间歇灌溉(IIR),对水稻生长、产量构成、产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明,与FIR处理相比,CIR和IIR处理水稻全生育期灌水量分别下降31.3%和15.9%,但是理论产量平均分别降低31.9%和15.9%,因此水分利用效率(WUE)提高不明显。与F3相比,F1和F2的理论产量平均增加20.1%和14.2%,FIR条件下WUE分别提高37.3%和25.5%。通径分析表明,在不同灌溉方式与有机无机氮比例条件下,有效穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重仍是影响水稻产量的主要因素。主成分分析表明,在间歇灌溉条件下,在总施氮量不变时,配施40%有机氮肥可降低水稻灌水量,并适当提高水稻产量。

A pot experiment was carried out to study the effects of irrigation method and ratio of organic to inorganic nitrogen （N） on rice growth, yield components and water use of rice. There were three irrigation methods, controlled irrigation （CIR）, intermittent irrigation （IIR） and flooding irrigation （FIR）, and three ratios of organic to inorganic N, 60% inorganic N ＋ 40% organic N （ F1 ） , 80% inorganic N ＋ 20% organic N （ F2 ）, 100% inorganic N （F3）. The results show that compared to FIR treatment, the irrigation amount are reduced by 31.3 % and 15.9% during the whole growth stages of rice under the CIR and IIR treatments, respectively, and the rice yields are reduced by 31.9% and 15.9%. Therefore, water use efficiencies （WUE） of rice are not enhanced. Compared to F3, rice yields of F1 and F2 are increased by 20. 1% and 14.2% , and under the FIR treatment, WUEs of F1 and F2 are enhanced by 37.3% and 25.5% , respectively. Path analysis shows that number of productive ear, grains per ear and thousand kernel weights are the main components of rice yield in different irrigation methods and ratios of organic to inorganic N treatments. The principal component analysis shows that under the same total N application, 40% inorganic N could decrease irrigation water and increase rice yield in the IIR treatment appropriately.