“从解释到发现”的认知诗学分析方法——以The Eagle为例

Analytical technique of Cognitive Poetics:A case study of The Eagle

认知诗学作为一种新的文学理论和新的研究范式,不仅能够解释文本的意义是如何产生和获得的,而且能够对文本有新的发现,即发现新的原因、新的涵义或新的形式特征和美学价值。事实上,认知诗学的一些主要范畴不仅有发现意义的工具性优势,也具有审美的潜能,本身蕴涵着审美的指向性,如原型涉及文学成规和审美态度,图形-背景与审美注意之间存在着对应性;形义之间的象似关系是文学文本的定义性特征,象似性在语言中融合了知觉、情感和意象。同时,诗歌作为语言产品,意象是核心要素,诗歌的阅读和欣赏要把日常的意象转变为审美意象,对原有的范畴进行再范畴化。

A literary text is the integration of form,meaning and aesthetic value.As a new literary theory and analytical paradigm,cognitive poetics only explains the creation and acquisition of meaning of a certain text,but also discovers new causes,meanings,formal characteristics and aesthetic values.In fact,categories from cognitive poetics have not only instrumental advantage of discovering meanings,but also an aesthetic dimension within itself and aesthetic potentials accordingly:the category prototype relates to literary conventions and attitude of aesthetic appreciation,background-figure has correspondence with aesthetic attention,the iconic relation between form and meaning is a defining characteristic of literary texts,poetic iconicity integrates in language sensations,emotions,and images,and finally imagination and embodiment are necessary in creating artistic possible worlds,and in enabling the reader to exercise inner imitation and feeling project.On the other hand,imagery is the kernel element of poetry as verbal product,and therefore,poetic reading and appreciation should require transformation of everyday image into aesthetic image and re-categorization of the previous categories.