高电压测量不确定度的评定与表示——在避雷器绝缘子高电压测量中的应用

Evaluation and Expression of Measurement Uncertainties in High-voltage Measurements——Application in surge arresters and insulators high-voltage measurements

介绍了有关测量不确定度的基本术语及其概念,包括:测量不确定度、实验标准偏差、标准不确定度、合成标准不确定度、扩展不确定度、包含因子、不确定度的A类评定、不确定度的B类评定、测量误差等。从定义、计算方式、分类、符号、与测量结果的关系、与测量条件的关系等方面分析了测量不确定度与测量误差之间的区别,并简要介绍了测量不确定度和测量误差之间的联系,即测量不确定度是由测量误差引起的,两者都是由随机效应和系统效应造成的。给出了高电压测量不确定度评定的6个基本步骤。在高电压测量不确定度评定示例中,列举实例说明了在避雷器绝缘子高电压测量中交流电压测量系统的刻度因数、雷电冲击电压测量系统的刻度因数以及雷电冲击电压的波前时间和半峰值时间测量不确定度的计算方法。

The basic terms and concepts about uncertainty of measurement are introduced, inclu- ding： uncertainty of measurement, experimental standard deviation, standard uncertainty, combined standard uncertainty, expanded uncertainty, coverage factor, type A evaluation of uncertainty, type B evaluation of uncertainty, error of measurement etc. The differences between the uncertainty of measurement and error of measurement are analyzed from such aspects as definition, calculation mode, classification, symbol, relationship with measurement results, relationship with measurement conditions, and the links between the uncertainty of measurement and error of measurement are briefly introduced, namely the uncertainty of measurement is caused by error of measurement, both of them are caused by random effects and systematic effects. The six basic steps of uncertainty evaluation in high-voltage measurements are g/yen. In the examples of uncertainty evaluation in high-voltage measurements, the practical examples are given to explain the measurement uncertainty calculation for scale factor of AC voltage measuring system, scale factor of lightning-impulse voltage measuring system and front time and time to half-value of lightning-impulse voltage in surge arresters and insulators high-voltage measurements.