妊娠期糖代谢监测现状

Glucose screening in pregnancy

妊娠期糖代谢具有空腹血糖低、饭后高血糖以及高胰岛素血症等特点。目前对于妊娠期血糖的监测主要集中在高血糖——妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)上,但目前针对GDM的筛查方法及诊断标准尚无统一意见。由于妊娠葡萄糖代谢有其特殊性,因此妊娠期低血糖也时有发生,更重要的是妊娠期低血糖与新生儿低出生体重密切相关,针对妊娠期低血糖的监测也应该得到重视。

Normal pregnancy is characterized by mild fasting hypoglycemia, postprandial hyperglycemia, and hyperinsu- linemia. At present, the glucose screening during pregnancy mainly focus on hyperglycemia, and it is the glucose tolerance test for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes. However there is not consensus as to which glucose threshold values to use for the diagnosis. Hypoglycemic episodes are more common during pregnancy because of the physiological changes in pregnan- cy, and the newborns＇ birth weights in women with hypoglycemia are significantly lower. So we should pay attention to glu- cose screening in materal hypoglycemic events as well as concern about hyperglycemia.