种子低温处理对低夜温下番茄幼苗生长的影响

Effects of Tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum) Seeds Treated with Low Temperature on Their Growth of Seedlings under Low Night Temperature

[目的]研究番茄(Lycopersicon esculentum)种子低温处理对低夜温条件下番茄幼苗生长的影响,探讨番茄幼苗在低夜温下的抗冷性,为低温下获得高质量的番茄幼苗提供理论依据。[方法]以草炭与珍珠岩(2∶1)为育苗基质,番茄L402种子为供试材料。先将番茄L402种子浸种6 h,然后分别于0、4、8和16℃低温条件下进行6、12和24 h低温处理,对照为0 h处理。之后,于16℃下静置0.5 h,再后在25～30℃下催芽,播种于72穴育苗盘中。育苗温度为18～23℃(白天)/6～12℃(夜间)。培养至3片真叶时测定幼苗的各项生长指标(干重、鲜重、根冠比)和生理指标[根系活力、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及叶绿素、脯氨酸、可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和丙二醛(MDA)含量]。[结果]种子低温处理能促进低夜温下番茄幼苗的生长,提高幼苗叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量,并能增加番茄幼苗在低夜温下的根系活力和SOD活性,同时降低了MDA含量,其中0℃下处理6 h对番茄幼苗在低夜温下的抗冷性提高最大。[结论]种子低温处理能增加番茄幼苗对低夜温的抵抗能力,有利于提高低温季节番茄幼苗的质量。

[ Objective ] The purpose was to study the effects of seed treated with low temperature on their growth of seedlings at low night temperature, discuss their resistance to cool under low night temperature, provide a theoretical basis for obtaining high quality tomato seedlings under low temperature. [ Method] Tomato（IA02） seeds soaking 6 h with water were treated 6, 12, and 24 h in 0（CK） , 4, 8, and 16 % respectively. Then after stewing them 0.5 h under 16 ℃, they were accelerating germination ane sowing in raising seedling dish with 72 holes under 25 - 30 ℃. Raising seedling temperature was 18 - 23℃ at day and 6 - 12℃ at night, and raising matrix was mixture of ratio of peat and perlite tailings 2：1 respectively. All kinds of growth indices （ Dry weight, fresh weight, and ratio of root and shoot） and physiological indices（Root vigor, SOD activity, chlorophyll content, proline, soluble protein content, soluble sugar content and MDA content） of tomato seedlings were determined when they had 3 true leaves. [ Result] The results showed that the growth of tomato seedlings at low night temperature was promoted significantly by the comfort low-temperature-treatment with tomato seeds, and their chlorophyll contents, soluble protein contents and proline contents, root vigor and SOD activity were increased greatly, as well as the content of MDA was decreased remarkably. The optimal treatment was treatment of 0℃ -6 h. [ Conclusion] The resistance to chilling of tomato seedlings is improved by the comfort low-temperature-treatment with tomato seeds, which is in favor of improving the quality of tomato seedlings in the low temperature season.