全球公域与美国巧霸权

Global Commons and American Smart Hegemony

全球化的飞速发展及新兴国家的快速崛起对美国霸权体系造成严重冲击。为此,美国理论家近年提出全球公域论,将环境资源的全球公域概念加以引申,使其内涵从全球公地、人类共同财产、人类共同遗产拓展到人类共同关切事项,外延从国际法延伸到国际安全与全球治理领域,试图将"全球公域"打造为国际秩序新概念,既要达到让新兴国家分担国际责任又不容许其分享全球领导权的目的,在削减费用的同时又能维护好美国的核心利益和领导地位,实现美国霸权从"霸权稳定性"到"霸权可持续性"的转型,追求"巧霸权"。形成中的全球公域理论与美国全球公域战略对国际体系将带来一系列挑战,值得我高度关注。

US hegemony is facing serious challenges because of the rapid development of globalization and rapid rise of emerging powers. Hence, in recent years American theorists have put forward a ＂global commons＂ concept and theory to give new legitimacy to US hegemony. They develop the connotative meanings of ＂global commons＂ from human common wealth and heritage to human common concerns by extending its denotative meanings from international law to international security and global governance, with the aim of sharing international responsibility with the emerging powers but not global. Facing a limited budget due to debt crisis but growing responsibilities due to the rising global challenges, global commons theorists seeks the transition of US hegemony from ＂hegemonic stability＂ in order to ＂hegemonic sustainability＂ to achieve ＂smart hegemony＂. The U. S. global commons theory and strategy is in shaping, and will bring a series of challenges to the international system, which are worth careful study.