比罗比詹计划始末

The Story of the Birobidzhan Project

比罗比詹计划是20世纪20年代苏联政府提出的在远东地区建立犹太民族家园的计划,目的是转移犹太人对巴勒斯坦的热情,解决苏联国内犹太问题并加强苏联在远东的现实存在。但是,尽管有政府的积极支持和国外犹太组织的帮助,这一计划的实施效果并不理想,未能实现预期目的。恶劣的生存条件、敏感的地理位置使比罗比詹很难吸引并留住犹太移民,政府准备不足和政策多变也使该计划屡屡受挫。本文研究比罗比詹计划的由来、实施情况及失败原因,在此基础上对该计划做一客观评价。

The Birobidzhan project appeared in the first half of twentieth century,when Soviet Jews endeavored to establish a Jewish homeland in the Soviet Far East with the help of foreign Jewish organizations and the support of the Soviet government.It was implemented in the hope of diverting Soviet Jews' enthusiasm for Palestine,to solve the Jewish problem of the Soviet Union and to strengthen the reality of Soviet presence in the Far East.However,the Soviet government didn't get what it expected as far as the repercussions of the project were concerned.The harsh living conditions and the sensitive location of Birobidzhan made it difficult to attract and hold Jewish immigrants,while the insufficient preparations on the part of the government and the lack of consistency in Soviet policy brought many setbacks to the Birobidzhan project as well.This article intends to explore the origin,the implementation and the reasons for the failure of the Birobidzhan project.Some objective appraisals are also made on the project.