不同糖代谢人群膳食能量、宏量营养素摄入与糖脂代谢的调查研究

Diet intake of energy and macro nutrients influencing energy and glycolipid metabolism in different glycometabolic people

【目的】测定不同糖代谢状态人群膳食能量摄入及宏量营养素并评价其能量及糖脂代谢。【方法】选取新疆某团经病史及口服葡萄糖耐量试验确诊的30岁以上汉族新诊断糖尿病前期者147例,新诊断糖尿病者177例,原已确诊糖尿病者139例,与糖尿病前期者按照性别与年龄匹配的正常糖代谢者140例,调查其膳食摄入能量及宏量营养素水平,并分析其能量及糖脂代谢的特征。【结果】(1)原已确诊及新诊糖尿病组平均年龄较大,文化程度更低、合并高血压比例更高(P<0.05)。(2)糖代谢异常者腰臀比及腰围较大、收缩压及舒张压、空腹及餐后血糖、血浆总胆固醇较高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低,尤其原已确诊糖尿病者收缩压高明显(P<0.05),膳食摄入总能量、碳水化合物及油脂较多,蛋白质及纤维素较少(P<0.05)。(3)无论男性或女性亚组,糖代谢异常者的腰围均较大,而仅男性亚组腹型肥胖的比例较高(P<0.05)。【结论】与正常糖代谢成人相比,糖代谢异常者腹型肥胖更严重,合并高血压更多,膳食摄入总能量、碳水化合物及油脂较多、蛋白质及纤维素较少,血糖及血浆总胆固醇较高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇较低。

[Objective]To survey diet intake of energy and macro nutrients and evaluate energy and glycolipid metabolism in different glycometabolic people. [ Methods] Subjects of Han all above 30-year-old were recruited by diabetic history and oral glucose tolerance test in 103 formation corps of Xingjiang and respectively were there 147 pople in prediabetic state, 177 new diagnosed diabetes, 139 pre-diagnosed diabetes patients and 140 pople in normal glycometabolism state matched by gender and age with those in prediabetic state. Their diet intake of energy and macro nutrients were surveyed and their energy and glycolipid metabolism were evaluated. [ Results] （1）The new and pre-diagnosed diabetes patients were older, in lower culture level and accompanied with more proportion of hypertention（P value were all less than 0.05）. （2）Abnormal glycometabolic people had bigger waist circumference, waist to hip ratio, higer systolic and diastolic pressure, fasting and postprandial plasma glucose, total plasma cholesterol, but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（P value were all less than 0.05）. Especially the pre-diagnosed diabetes patients had higher systolic pressure. And in these abnormal glycometabolic people, there were more dietary energy, carbohydrate and fat intake, but less protein and fiber intake（P value were all less than 0.05）. （3） In abnormal glycometabolic people, whether in male or female subgroup were there all bigger waist circumference, but only in male subgroup higher proportion of abdomenal obesity（P value was less than 0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Compared with normal glycometabolic adult people, abnormal glycometabolic people have much severe abdomenal obesity, accompanied with more proportion of hypertention, more dietary energy, carbohydrate, fat, but less protein and fiber intake. They have higher blood glucose, total plasma cholesterol, but lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.