从制度经济学角度看牙买加体系的特点与问题

The Characteristics and Issues of Jamaica System from Institutional Economics Perspectives

牙买加体系是国际货币体系发展过程中强制性制度变迁和诱致性制度变迁共同作用的结果。本文分析了牙买加体系的形成和发展,指出与此前的国际货币体系相比,牙买加体系的核心制度特征被认为是"无核心特征",即没有法定的定值基础和货币中心国、不再维持法定的汇率波动幅度等;在牙买加体系下,国际储备日益多元化,国际收支调节机制趋于多样化,意识形态色彩减弱,制度安排具有更多非中性特征。在对各制度主体的权利义务关系进行分析的基础上,本文指出,由于牙买加体系在某种程度上是对发达国家尤其是各经济金融大国"自行其是"政策的一种无奈承认,并且该体系也存在着一系列尚未解决的问题,因此自形成以后就不断面临责难。

Jamaica System is the result of imposed and induced institutional change of development in international monetary system. This paper analyzes the formation and development of Jamaica System, points out that comparing to the previous international monetary system, the core system of the Jamaica System is to be known as ＂Non-core characteristics＂ , i.e. there is no legal fix value basis and money center country, no maintenance of the legal exchange rate fluctuation spread etc. Under Jamaica System, international reserves become more diversified, adjustment mechanism of balance of payments tends to diversification, ideology weakens, and system arrangement has a neutral character. On the basis of study on the rights and obligations in the main parties concerned, this paper points out that it is because the Jamaica System to some extent is a compromise and the developed countries especially the economic and financial superpower ＂always go their own way＂ , this system evolves with unsolved problems which is always subject to blame since its birth.