1Apfelbaum JL, Chen C, Mehta SS, et al. Postoperative painexperience : results from a nation-al survey suggest postoperativepain continues to be undermanaged. Anesth Analg,2003,97: 534 - 540.
2Cunha FQ, Lorenzetti BB, Poole S, et al. Interleukin -8 as a mediator of sympathetic pain. Br J Pharmacol, 1991,104:765.
3Kato M, Suzuki H, Murakami M, et al. Elevated plasma levels of interleukin -6, interleukin -8, and granulocyte colonystimulating factor during and after major abdominal surgery. J Clin Anesth, 1997,9:293.
4Ong CK, Lirk P, Seymour RA, et al. The efficacy of preemptive analgesia for acute postoperative pain management: a meta- analysis, Anesth Analg ,2005,100:757.
5Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Berger RA, et al.Upregulation of prostaglandin E2 and interleukins in the central nervous system and peripheral tissue during and after surgery in hmnans. Anesthesiology ,2006,104:403.
7Watkins LR, Maier SF, Goehler LE. Immune activation:the role of pro - inflammatory cytokines in inflammation, illness responses and pathological pain states, Pain, 1995,63:289.
8Bajaj P,Ballary CC,Dongre NA,et al. Role of parecoxib in pre - emptive analgesia : comparison of the efficacy and safety of pre - and postoperative parecoxib in patients undergoing general surgery. J Indian Med Assoc, 2004, 102 :272 - 274.
