刑法解释的立场是客观解释——基于会话含义理论的分析

The Interpretation Position to Criminal Law Being an Objective One

司法者理解和解释法律的活动是其和法律文本进行对话的过程,语用学中的会话含义理论可以作为研究法律解释问题的分析工具。根据会话含义理论,立法者预料到并期待解释者会根据文本的语义结构、读者的心理图式、生活中的常规关系等解读出刑法文本的语用意义,司法者必然会根据语境因素对刑法文本的意义进行语用推理,解读出字面意义之外的隐含意义、形式意义之外的实质意义、语义意义之外的语用意义,并且在不同语境下解读出不同意义。刑法文本为语用推理划定了大致范围,语用推理实现了文本静态意义向动态意义的转化,因此刑法解释立场是并应该是客观解释。

The activities to understand and interpret law by judicial personnel is a process of dialogue between the legal text and the judicial personnel. The conversational implicature theory in the pragmatics can be used as an analytical tool of study legal interpretation. According to the conversational implicature theory, legislators foresee and expect that interpreters explail/the pragmatic meaning of the text of criminal law in accordance with the semantic structure of the text, readers＇ mental map and the conventional relationship in life etc. , and judicial personnel do pragmatic inference to the Criminal Code according to the context factors in order to gain the hidden meaning beyond the literal meaning, the real significance other than the form of meaning semantic meaning beyond the words and the different meaning in different contexts. Criminal law text delineates the rough scope for pragmatic reasoning. Pragmatic reasoning achieves the transformation of the text from a static sense to the dynamic sense. Therefore the interpretation position to the criminal law is an objective one.