论大型舰船突发事故的医学救援

On medical rescue of marine large warship accidents

海上事故具突发性，救援难度高，救援时效性强。遇险的人员通常都会产生恐慌的心理，心理素质和耐力都将受到挑战，意志极易被摧垮。同时，海上伤员在发生海水浸泡特别是低温海水浸泡情况后，其生理发生特殊变化，需要采取特殊的救治措施。政府是实施救助的主要力量。我国在1974年建立了全国海上的安全指挥部门，也就是人们常说的中国海上搜寻救援中心。笔者根据大型舰船突发事故医学救援的难点以及当前救援现状，提出应全面协调完善各类计划、开展各类人员紧急救护训练、使用医疗救护船和开发特殊伤情处理方法，以提高救援的成功率，降低死亡率。

Marine large warship accidents always occurred unexpectedly, thus rescue is difficult and time-sensitive. The people in distress are often frightened, their mental qualities face a huge challenge and their will-power is easy to shatter. Confusion and restlessness are common. Seawater Immersion, especially low temperature causes special physiological changes and specific rescue measures are necessary. Government is the main force to practice rescue. The China Maritime Search and Rescue Centre, a national security operations command, was established in 1974. In light of the difficulties of medical rescue in maritime accidents and the current situation thereof, the authors raise 4 suggestions： to coordinate and improve different types of plans, carry out emergency rescue training for various types of staff, including warship soldiers, paramedics, and lifeguards, in addition to the professional medical workers, use medical ambulance ships, and develop specifiC treatment methods for special injuries, so as to increase the rescue success rate and lower the death rate after warship accident.