丹皮及其提取物对几种中药材仓储害虫的忌避作用研究

REPELLENT EFFECT OF MOUTAN AND ITS EXTRACT AGAINST SEVERAL SPECIES OF STORED-PRODUCT INSECTS IN CHINESE MEDICINAL MATERIALS

在传统的中药材对抗储藏法中，常用丹皮与泽泻对抗来防止泽泻生虫。在中药材仓库内丹皮与泽泻对抗储藏6个月后具有明显的防虫防蛀效果。为探明丹皮在对抗储藏系统中的防虫机制，本文采用McDonld（1970）的滤纸药膜法和Mondal（1984）的食物选择法测定丹皮提取物对几种中药材仓储害虫的忌避活性，结果发现药材甲、玉米象、谷蠹、赤拟谷盗、锯谷盗等5种仓虫的成虫对丹皮提取物3个浓度（100、200、400μg／cm2）处理的忌避率平均值均达V（80．1％～100％）级，进一步分析表明药材甲成虫的忌避率与丹皮提取物处理后周数呈极显著的负相关关系，赤拟谷盗幼虫对丹皮提取物3个浓度（0．25％、1.25％、2.5％）处理的忌避率平均值，一龄至六龄分别为Ⅱ（20.1％～40％）、Ⅲ（40．1％～60％）、Ⅲ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ（60.1％～80％）、Ⅴ级。同时还证明用试虫50％忌避率所需药物浓度（RC50）来比较不同药物对不同虫种的忌避活性高低是可行的，所得结论与方差分析结果完全一致。

Antagonistic storage is one of the traditional storage ways of the Chinese medicinalmaterials. The results indicated that antagonistic storage between moutan and alismatis hasobvious effects on insect-repellency and mothproof based on the trials in a warehouse storedcrude drug for 6 months. In order to ascertain the mechanistns of insect-repellency of moutanin the antagonistic storage system, the paper strip method described by MeDonald et al(1970) and food preference method described by Mondal (1984) were used to test repellencyof moutan extract and Paeonol against 5 species of stored-product insects in the Chinesemedicinal materials. The results are summarized as: The mean repellency of 100, 200,400μg/cm2 moutan extract against 5 species adults are totally achieved Class V (80.1 % -100%), and the order of repellent activity of extract to the insects is Rhizopertha dominica≤ Stegobium paniceum < Oryzaephilus surinamensis ≤ Sitophilus zaemais <Tribolium castaneum. Percentage repellency of S. Paniceum adults is nagatively correlatedwith weeks after treatment with moutan extract. The mean repellency of 0 .25 %, 1. 25%,2.5% moutan extract to T. castaneum larvae from the first instax to the sixth instar areachieved respectively Class Ⅱ (20. 1 % ~ 40% repellency), Ⅲ (40. 1 % ~ 60% ), Ⅲ, Ⅲ， Ⅳ(60. 1 % ~ 80% ) and V, It is feasible applying the index RC50 to compare the repellentactivity of various chemicals against various insect species and the conclusions are the same asthose of the variance analysis.