精密车削LY12铝合金的振动特性分析

Experimental Investigation of Vibration in Precision Turning LY12 Aluminum

利用超精密车床精密车削LY12铝合金,研究了切削速度、进给量和切削深度对主轴和刀具切削振动的影响及变化规律。试验结果表明主轴的振动随切削速度的增加而平稳增加,在高速时成为主要振动,而刀具在低速时振动很大,随着切削速度的增加而迅速降低。因此在低速时,刀具的振动是影响加工质量的主要因素;在高速时,主轴振动对加工质量的影响愈来愈大;在小进给时,各向的振动随进给的增加而迅速减少,降到临界值后,各通道振动又随进给增加而保持平稳;主轴的振动随切深的增加变化很小,而刀具的振动随切深的增加而增加,但增加到临界值,刀具的振动也保持平稳。

Based on the precision turning of the LY12 aluminum, the effect of the cutting parameter （cutting depth and feed） and rotational speed on the vibration of the spindle and cutter was analyzed. The cause of these phenomenons was presented. It indicated that the cutter vibration is the main influence factor for surface quality in less speed while the spindle vibration is the main influence factor for surface quality in high speed. The less vibration can be obtained while in higher cutting speed and feed rate. But the vibration decrease slightly and they even can increase when the cutting speed and feed rate get certain value. With the increment of the cutting depth, the vibration increases until the depth of cut excesses the critical value, the vibration keeps stabilization.