团体催眠对高三学生考试焦虑的改善作用

Improvement of group hypnotism on test anxiety in senior three students

目的:比较不同形式团体催眠对改善高三学生考试焦虑的效果,为学校减轻考试焦虑寻找一种便捷、有效的方法。方法:方便选取兰州某中学高三学生200人,经筛查考试焦虑者133人,分为3个实验组——催眠暗示组(n=33)、听催眠暗示录音组(n=34)、催眠放松组(n=37)和1个对照组(n=29)。对实验组的学生进行不同形式团体催眠,对照组不进行处理。采用考试焦虑量表(TAS)、一般自我效能感量表(GSES)、焦虑状态-特质问卷(STAI)在团体催眠前后进行评估,并由学生对催眠效果进行主观评价。结果:催眠前中组学生的TAS得分差别无统计学意义(P>0.05),催眠后3个实验组的TAS得分均低于对照组(P<0.001),而催眠放松组的TAS得分低于听催眠暗示录音组和催眠暗示组(P<0.001)。催眠后实验组女生TAS得分低于男生(P=0.023)。4组学生催眠前后GSES得分差异无统计学意义(P=0.200)。结论:不同形式团体催眠均可有效缓解考试焦虑。在团体催眠条件下,催眠放松的形式对考试焦虑的缓解优于催眠暗示和聆听催眠暗示录音的形式。

Objective： To explore the effect of group hypnotism on test anxiety in senior three students. Methods： Totally 200 senior three students were selected by convenience sampling, and 133 students who felt anxious about exams were screened with the Test Anxiety Scale （TAS）. They were divided into three experi- mental groups, including hypnotic suggestion group （n = 33）, listening to hypnotic suggestion recording group （n = 34）, hypnotic relaxation group （n = 37）, and a control group （n = 29）. The experimental groups were given different types of hypnotic training while the control group was not. All groups were assessed with the TAS, General Self-Ef- ficacy Scale and State-trait Anxiety Inventory before and after hypnotic training, and they were asked to give a sub- jective evaluation after the experiment. Results： The differences of TAS score at baotime were not significant a- mong the 4 groups, and at the end of 8-week study, the TAS scores were lower in the three experimental groups than in the control group[ （ 16, 6 ± 5.0）, （ 16.4 ± 4. 7）, （ 14. 1 ± 5.8） vs. （20. 5 ± 3. 8）, P 〈 0. 001 ], and lower in hypnot- ic relaxation group than in listening to the hypnotic suggestion recording group and hypnotic suggestion group （P 〈 0. 001）. The female students scored lower TAS scores than the male students after the hypnotic training [ （15. 8 ± 5. 6） vs. （ 17. 9 ＋ 4. 7）, P 〈 0. 05]. There were no significant differences in the GSES score between the 4 groups before and after the hypnotic training （P5 〉0. 05）. Conclusion： This study indicates that different forms of group hypnosis could be effective to relieve test anxiety, and the form of hypnosis to relax may be better than hypnoticsuggestion and listening to hypnotic suggestion recording.