“官立模范,借绅力以期普及”——略论清末新式学堂的官绅合办模式

Set an Example by Government and Popularizing with the Help of Gentries:The Joint New Education Model in the Late Qing Dynasty

科举制度是抡才教育,新式学堂则为培才教育。清末改废科举,兴办学堂,官绅合办是兴办新式学堂所常用的模式。这一模式在几位朝廷大员讨论兴办学堂及改废科举的奏折中逐渐形成,内涵也不断扩大,最终形成于政府所颁布的新学制——《奏定学堂章程》中。清政府采用这一模式有两个原因:一是基于国家财力不足的考虑,二是受传统办学模式的影响。

The Imperial Examination System is elite education and the new education is to foster the mass.The late Qing dynasty abolishes the Imperial examination System and develops new education,adopting joint schooling of government and gentries.The model is gradually formed out of the officials＇ memorials to the throne,which discuss the abolishment of the imperial examination system and starting new school,expands education＇s intention and is finally embodied in The regulation of education promulgated by the government.The Qing government adopts this model for two reasons： first,based on the state＇s financial consideration;the second is the impact of the traditional school system.