西双版纳亚洲象肇事原因分析及缓解对策探讨

Causes and Mitigating Strategies for Human-Elephant Conflicts in Xishuangbanna Prefecture

针对西双版纳人象冲突日益严重的现象,通过实地调查、数据收集整理、村寨访谈等方法,分析了1991～2010年间以亚洲象为主的野生动物为害情况。分析认为,天然林下食物减少、栖息地孤岛效应、环境容量不足、亚洲象取食习性改变、人为伤害引发的报复行为、补偿不足和思小高速公路阻隔等是造成人象冲突的主要原因。藉此提出加强生物廊道建设,开展合理的土地利用规划,进行适当的产业结构调整,加强栖息地保护,提高损失补偿额度,开展以观象为主的生态旅游活动和建立亚洲象保护管理信息系统等对策。

Human-Elephant Conflict （HEC） is a serious problem to the Asian elephant conservation in Xishuangbanna. Wildlife damage cases mainly in the Asian elephant have been analyzed in this paper based on data from field observations, community interviews and other data of varied sources since 1991. The results showed that the main reason caused HEC including the decrease of natural food, habitat isola- tion, low carrying capacity, diet change, revenge of elephant, and the disturbance of large infrastructures etc. It was suggested that the HEC mitigation strategies should include the establishment of ecological corridors, regional land-use planning, adjustment of industrial structure, the promotion of habitat pro- tection, the increase of compensation to crop damages caused by elephant, introduction of elephant-watc-hing eco-tourism, as well as introduction of the protected area monitoring information system （MIST） for elephants conservation.