定言命令的演绎

A Study of Kant's Categorical Imperative

本文以为,康德在《道德形而上学的奠基》(以下简称《奠基》)第三章的主要工作是确证作为道德的最高原则的定言命令的客观实在性。康德首先阐述了自由和道德法则相互归结的交互论,认为自由的客观实在性虽然在理论上无法证明,但在实践上必须预设自由是一切有理性的存在者的意志的属性,这样道德法则才可以确立。接着,康德提出了自由与道德法则循环解释的嫌疑,他试图凭借跨越感性世界和理知世界的人类意志概念,摆脱这一嫌疑并阐明定言命令的客观实在性是如何可能的。然而,他的整个论证却没有成功。

The Third Chapter of Kant's Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals focuses on the demonstration of the objective reality of categorical imperative as the highest moral principle.Kant first explains the theory of interaction between freedom and moral principles,and holds that though the objective reality of freedom is theoretically unexplainable,in practice it is necessary to presuppose that freedom is the attribute of will of all rational human beings.Kant then doubts about the recycle interpretation of freedom and moral principles and tries to get rid of this doubt and prove the objective reality of categorical imperative through the help of adopting the concept of human will that transcends the perceptual world and the rational world.However,Kant has failed in this aspect.