乌鲁木齐市TSP微观形貌特征分析

Seasonal Characteristic Analysis of TSP Micro-morphology in Urumqi

利用环境扫描电镜(SEM/EDS)分别对2009年四季在雷达站、卫星站、年轮实验室和白杨沟站采集的TSP样品进行微观形貌和能谱分析,结果表明:乌鲁木齐市TSP形貌具有明显的时空分布特征。春季TSP颗粒较大,形状不规则,可能来源沙尘;夏季TSP中颗粒少且小,可能含有土壤扬尘和植物花粉;秋季TSP颗粒多为蓬松链状,可能是烟尘聚集体;冬季TSP颗粒较大,形状规则的颗粒增多且多为圆形,是典型的燃煤飞灰形态。北郊、市区TSP中颗粒物数量高于南郊山区的白杨沟站,秋冬季燃煤对北郊和市区TSP形貌影响较大。TSP主要含Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Mg、Cl、Na,说明TSP来源广泛,并且由多种颗粒混合而成。春夏季乌市TSP中Si、Ca Al、Na、Mg含量较高,秋冬季Si、S、Ca、Al、Fe、Cl含量很高。市区TSP中S、Fe、Al较白杨沟同期所占比重大,白杨沟TSP中元素种类较少,S、Fe含量不高,表明燃煤、工业排放影响不大。

In the paper, the morphology and energy spectrum of TSP of the samples in 2009 from the radar station, satellite stations, Tree-ring laboratory and Baiyanggou station were analyzed by using Scanning Electron Microscope/Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy （SEM/EDS）. The results showed that the morphologies and EDX spectra of TSP had significant seasonal and spatial characteristics. In spring the particles were larger and the shapes were irregular, which means they may come from dust storms. In summer the particles were less and smaller, which means they may contained soil dust and plant pollen. In autumn the particles were fleeciness chains of smoke. In winter, the particles were bigger, round and typical coal fly ashes. Urban TSP particulate quantity was more than those at Baiyanggou Station. Urban TSP morphology was affected by coal in autumn and winter. TSP of Urumqi contained Si,S,Ca,Al,Fe,Mg,Cl,Na. The elements of TSP had significant content in Urumqi. Si,Ca, Al,Na,Mg were higher in spring and summer, Si,S,Ca,Al, Fe,Cl were higher in autumn and winter. The element types of TSP were less in Baiyanggou Station and S,Fe which were representative emissions of characteristic were less.