思考人的本质性活动的两种范式:劳动与行动——评阿伦特对马克思劳动理论的批评

Reflection on Two Paradigms of Human Inherent Activities:Labor and Action

马克思认为劳动是人和人类社会生存的基础,是人的本质力量的塑造和自我确证,因此构成了人的本质性活动;阿伦特将人的生存活动分为:劳动、工作和行动,它们是人类生存的基本条件。但是她贬低劳动和工作,推崇行动,认为行动作为人们在公共领域中的政治活动,是人的个性的自我展现。阿伦特批评马克思的劳动理论,虽然有着现实的时代语境,但既在学理上有失偏颇,又是从道德普遍主义立场上的倒退。

Marx points out that labor is the foundation of human and human society. It cultivates the inherent power of human and validates human themselves. So it consists of human＇s natural activities. Hannah Arendt divides the human＇s existence activities into three parts： labor, work and action, and believes that they are the fundamental conditions of human＇s living. She highly praises action rather than labor and work. She insists that action shows individuals＇ specific characteristics because it is the human＇s political activities in public field. Arendt criticizes Marx＇s Labor Theory. She says that even though the theory has realistic times language situation, it contains an academically bias and draws back from the standpoints of moral universalism.