晋江市学龄前儿童屈光状态流行病学调查

Epidemiological Study of the Refractive Status in Preschool Children in Jinjiang District

目的:了解晋江市学龄前儿童屈光状态,为防治屈光不正提供依据。方法:采取整群随机抽样法抽取13所幼儿园3908名学龄前儿童,采用美国伟伦公司生产的SureSight视力筛查仪进行屈光检查,进行相关因素的调查,并对结果进行统计分析。结果:柱径屈光异常检出率为35.2%,男34.8%,女35.6%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(字2=0.292,P>0.05);球径屈光异常检出率31.5%,男29.6%,女33.9%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(字2=7.960,P<0.01)。柱径异常检出率随着年龄的增长逐渐减低,经趋势卡方检验显示,这种趋势有统计学意义(字2=15.069,P<0.01);球径异常检出率随着年龄的增长而逐渐升高,经趋势卡方检验显示,这种趋势也有统计学意义(P<0.01)。学龄前儿童柱径屈光异常的发生与父亲视力有关,球径屈光异常的发生与父亲视力、母亲视力、平时看电视离电视距离、电视尺寸有关。结论:学龄前儿童屈光状态是儿童眼保健的重要指标,了解儿童的屈光状态,发现潜在的问题,可以为早期干预提供依据。

Objective：To investigate the refractive status of the preschool children in Jinjiang District, to provide information for the prevention and treatment of refractive errors.nethods：A sample of 3908 preschool children were selected randomly, examined the refractive status of the children with the SureSight autorefractor produced by the U.S. Welch Allyn, surveyed the relevant factors, and analyzed on the results.Results：The ratio of column diameter refractive error was 35.2%, for boys was 34.8%, for girls was 35.6%, there was no significant difference between the boys and girls （χ^2=0.292, P〉0.05）.The ratio of sphere diameter refractive error was 31.5%, for boys was 29.6%, for girls was 33.9%, there was significant difference between the boys and girls （χ ^2 =7.960, P〈0.01）.The detection rate of column diameter refractive error decreased with age, this trend was statistically significant （ χ^ 2=15.069, P〈0.01）, the detection rate of sphere diameter refractive error increased with age, this trend was statistically significant（P〈0.01）.The occurrence of column diameter refractive errors in preschool children is related with the vision of his father, the occurrence of sphere diameter refractive error in preschool children is related with the vision of his parents, the distance from TV when watching, and size of TV.Concluslon：Refractive status of preschool children is an important indicatrix in children＇ s eye care, it is necessary to check the refractive status of the preschool children, to find latent problems, so as to offer evidences for early intervention.