完熟期油菜果荚不同脱粒方式的脱粒效果

Threshing effect of ripe rape by different methods

在油菜果荚脱粒过程中,脱粒方式及其功耗是影响脱净率、破损率等指标的重要因素,是设计油菜联合收割机脱粒装置的关键。该文采用搓擦、碾压和冲击等不同脱粒方式,对完熟期油菜果荚进行了脱粒试验,研究了油菜果荚脱净率和脱粒功耗之间的关系,并对3种脱粒方式的脱粒效果进行了对比分析。试验表明,果荚脱净率和功耗之间呈对数关系;在单位脱粒量功耗大于0.5J/g后,相同脱粒功耗下,揉搓脱粒的脱净率高于碾压脱粒和冲击脱粒。结果表明油菜联合收割机脱粒装置宜设计为冲击脱粒和搓擦脱粒组合的脱粒方式。该研究可为油菜脱粒方式的选择和结构设计提供参考。

The threshing method and power consumption are important influence factors for threshing rate and damage rate of rape seeds during threshing, which are the keys for design of threshing and separating system of rape combine harvester. The different threshing methods for rape seeds with rubbing, rolling and impact were tested. The relation of threshing rate and damage rate of rape seeds was studied and the threshing effect was analyzed. The test results showed that threshing rate appeared a logarithm relation with power consumption. The threshing effect of rubbing was better than the other methods when power consumption was more than 0.5 J/g. The rubbing method combined with impact method was recommended for rape seeds threshing mechanism. The research can provide a reference for selection of appropriate threshing method and structure design of rape combine harvester.