上海市居民淡水产品摄入量现况调查

A Cross-Sectional Survey on the Intake of Limnetic Products among Residents in Shanghai

[目的]掌握上海市居民淡水产品的摄入量情况,为进一步进行食品风险评估提供依据。[方法]采用多阶段分层随机抽样,抽取8个区(县)32个街道,共调查普通人群2630人,特殊群体(孕妇)399人。采用食物频率表法和连续三天记账法设计调查问卷,调查居民淡水产品的摄入情况,包括年食用率、人均每日摄入量、食用频率等。[结果]上海市居民不同淡水产品的年食用率分别为淡水鱼84.94%、淡水虾83.80%、淡水蟹59.51%、螺蛳41.90%。不同淡水产品的人均每日摄入量平均值分别为:淡水鱼21.78g(P50=14.25g)、淡水虾14.46g(P50=7.12g)、淡水蟹4.51g(P50=0.82g)、螺蛳2.63g(P50=0.00g)。4种淡水产品的人均每日摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同年龄组间人均每日摄入量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同性别间人均每日摄入量差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。孕妇淡水产品的人均每日摄入量平均值分别为:淡水鱼30.81g(P50=21.37g)、淡水虾24.55g(P50=14.25g)、淡水蟹6.00g(P50=1.10g)、螺蛳0.79g(P50=0.00g)。孕妇对4种淡水产品的人均每日摄入量差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。[结论]上海市居民对不同种类的淡水产品人均每日摄入量不等,相同类型淡水产品在不同年龄层的摄入量也不等。孕妇对淡水产品的人均每日摄入量大于普通人群。建议对淡水产品进行风险评估时,需按其种类、年龄分层评估,但无需按性别分层。

[ Objective ] To study the intake of limnetic products among residents in Shanghai and provide basis for risk assessment of food stuff. [ Methods ] According to the distribution of residing districts and sub-districts in Shanghai, 2 630 general subjects and 399 specific subjects （pregnant women） were chosen via stratified random sampling method. Questionnaires were designed by kinds of food for three consecutive days through bookkeeping method to collect the dietary consumption of limnetic products, including annual consumption rate, daily intake and frequency of intake. [ Results ] Annual consumption rates of freshwater fish, freshwater shrimp, freshwater crab and margarya were 84.94%, 83.80%, 59.51% and 41.90%, respectively. Daily intakes per capita of freshwater fish, freshwater shrimp, freshwater crab and margarya were 21.78 g, 14.46 g, 4.51 g and 2.63 g, correspondingly, which was significantly different from each other （P 〈 0.05）. Daily intake per capita was varied significantly when stratified by age （P 〈 0.05）, but insignificantly by gender （P 〉 0.05）. The amount of daily intake of freshwater fish, freshwater shrimp, freshwater crab and margarya of pregnant women were 30.18 g, 24.55 g, 6.00 g and 0.79 g per capita, respectively, which was significantly different from each other （P〈0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Daily intake of various kinds of limnetic products varies significantly among Shanghai residents, and daily intake per capita of different age group for the same kind of limnetic products is also significantly different. The pregnant women consume much more limnetic products than other people on average. Risk assessment of limnetic products, therefore, should be conducted specifically by the age of subjects and the kind of food.