标准掌控与全球价值链治理研究

A Study on GVC Governance and Standard

对标准与全球价值链的研究有助于更好地理解全球经济的变迁,以及发展中国家在其中的作用与地位。在国际金融危机后危机时代及贸易保护主义兴起的背景下,标准作为新型贸易壁垒被各国频繁使用。标准对全球价值链的影响主要体现在它能将复杂的信息形式进行编码,从而减少价值链行动者的交易成本。特别是当全球价值链越来越趋向于"购买者驱动"时,主导企业可以通过被广泛接受的标准及相关认证程序,向其直接供应商传递复杂的产品质量要求。通过执行标准,可以提高信息的编码性,并使企业间的治理从相对的层级型转向更为模块型或市场型的关系,从而减少主导企业的协调。发展中国家只有积极参与全球标准的制定,培育主导企业,才能在未来的竞争中处于有利地位。

Study on GVC and standard provide key elements for understanding changes in the global economy and the role of developing countries in it. With the deep chill spreading of the global financial crisis as well as the reemergenee of trade protectionism, standards have frequently been used by various counties as new-type trade barrier. Standards provide the potential to codify complex forms of information that can reduce transaction costs. When the global value chains are becoming increasingly ＇buyer-driven＇, lead firms have been able to embed complex quality information into widely accepted standards and certification procedures. Thus, through the implementation of standards, the codifiability of information can be improved and governance of inter-firm ties can move away from relatively more hierarchical forms to more modular or market-based interactions which require less coordination by lead firms. Only those developing countries which actively participate in setting global standards and fostering lead firms can gain more favorable position in the future competition.