冲突法价值追求的变革与回归——《罗马规则Ⅰ》和中国合同之债冲突法的比较

The Transformation and Return of Conflict Law Value Pursuit——Comparing Rome Regulation Ⅰ with Chinese Legislations on Contract Conflict Law

冲突规则的确定性和判决结果的可预见性以及冲突规则的灵活性和判决结果的公正性,一直以来都是冲突法价值理论研究中的焦点。在合同之债冲突法领域,英美法系国家的法官擅于运用自由裁量权,为追求冲突规范的灵活运用及个案公正更青睐最密切联系原则。具有成文法传统的大陆法系国家,学者们认为特征性履行原则更能实现法律选择的明确性和可预见性。针对两大法系的分歧和国际私法统一化的趋势,《罗马规则Ⅰ》很好地协调了判例法和成文法在合同之债冲突法领域的矛盾,它的立法原则对中国刚刚颁行的《涉外民事关系法律适用法》的司法适用,具有重大的指导和借鉴意义。

Theoretical research on conflict law value pursuit is always the most flourishing field with the fo- cus on conflict rules certainty and predictability or its flexibility and just verdict. In the contract conflict field, judges from common law system prefer the principle of the most significant relationship in order to pursue conflict rules flexibility and just verdict. However, scholars from continental legal system, with statute tradition prefer the prin and predictability. Facing with ciple of characteristic performance in order to pursue conflict rules certainty the differences of two law families and the trend of private international law unification, EU has coordinated the contradiction between case law and written law in the contract field by Rome Regulation I . The legislation principles will be useful both in our legislation and judicial practice to China Civil Relationship Law Engaging Foreign Affairs.