丘陵地区农民采用创新的数量、类型和效果的研究

The Quantity,Type and Effect of Innovations Adopted by Farmers in Hill Area of Sichuan

通过对 4 0 0家丘陵地区农户调查表明 ,丘区农民 1991～ 1997年户平采用创新 10 .71件 ,每年每户采用 1.53件。农民采用创新的数量与户主的年龄、文化有关 ,也与家庭劳动力等因素有关。一般是 30岁以下的青年户主和 6 0岁以上的老年户主的家庭采用的创新较少 ,而中年户主的家庭采用创新较多 ;户主文化程度高的家庭和劳动力多的家庭采用的创新数量较多。丘区农民采用的创新以种植业为主 ,占采用创新总数的 85.2 6 % ,尤其是种植业中的品种最多 ,占采用创新总数的 6 8.2 7%。在采用的 4 2 83件创新中 ,反映好的占 6 4 .18% ,反映一般的占 2 3.91% ,反映差的占 11.91%。从不同类型创新的采用效果来看 ,种植业的栽培技术、化肥农药、养殖业创新和外出打工 ,反映好的都在 70 %以上 ;家庭服务业反映好的只有 4 4 .83% ;种植业的品种反映好的为56 .91% 。

Through investigation on 400 peasant households in hilly area,the results showed that each household adopted 10.71 innovations from 1991 to 1997,i.e. each household adopted 1.53 per year.The quantity of innovations adopted by farmers was related to the age and educated level of the head of a household,and also to family labour force .Generally,the families of young head under 30 and old head above 60 adopted less innovations than other families.The family that its head was educated better and there was much labour force adopted more innovations than other families.The innovations adopted by farmers in hilly area were mainly about crop production,to 85.26% of total innovations,especially crop varieties,to 68.2%.In all 4283 innovations adopted by these farmers,64.81% of them were thought good,23.91% common,11.91%bad.As for the effect of variant types of innovations,above 70% innovations of crop cultivation techniques,chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals,animal production and going out for work were thought good,only 44.83% of innovations about service good,56.91% of crop varieties good,and crop conventional varieties not good.