鱼类种质保存研究进展

Advancement in fish germplasm preservation

开展鱼类种质保存的研究,不仅可以保护鱼类种质资源和生物多样性,而且也是对鱼类种质资源进行有效开发和利用的前提条件。目前鱼类种质保存包括分子(DNA)保存、细胞保存和活体保存等。其中,分子(DNA)保存按照技术难易程度分为基因组DNA保存、基因组文库保存、cDNA文库保存、DNA芯片保存4种;细胞保存一般可分为配子保存、胚胎保存、细胞系保存3种;而活体保存按鱼类生长环境不同可分就地保护和易地保护2种。综述了多种海、淡水鱼类种质保存的研究现状与进展,包括鲤科、鲆科、鲷科、鲱科以及鲽科等科鱼类种质保存的具体情况,为我国鱼类种质保存提供参考资料,同时对今后鱼类种质保存研究提出了展望。

The germplasm preservation of fish,can not only protect the fish germplasm resources and biological diversity,but also is the premise condition of effective development and utilization of fish germplasm resources.At present,the fish germplasm preservation includes molecular（DNA） preservation,cell preservation and living body preservation.Molecular（DNA） preservation can be divided into genomic DNA preservation,genomic library preservation,cDNA library preservation and DNA chips preservation according to the preservation technology.Cell preservation can be divided into gametes preservation,embryonic preservation and cell lines preservation.And the living body preservation includes in situ conservation and different grounds protection according to the different growth environment of fish.The current status of germplasm preservation in a variety of marine fish and freshwater fish have been reviewed detailedly,which involved the fish family of cyprinidae,bothidae,sparidae,clupeidae,pleuronectidae,etc.This review provided reference materials for the fish germplasm preservation of our country,and it also provided the application prospect of fish germplasm preservation in the future.