沿海围垦区蓄淡工程优化布局

Layout optimization of freshwater-storage projects in coastal reclamation areas

淡水资源紧缺是江苏沿海大规模围垦与开发以及生态环境保护的重要制约因素,如何建立更加高效、高保障度的水资源保障体系,有效增加水资源供给,合理利用水资源,将是江苏沿海开发中面临的一个巨大挑战。结合围垦区(包括人工岛)淡水资源的分布与关联,根据《江苏沿海滩涂围垦开发利用规划纲要》需要,研究蓄淡工程的类型、规模和布局(河口水库、河网节制闸、天然湿地、平原水库),确定蓄淡工程规模和优化组合方案,评估蓄淡工程综合效用和影响(包括经济、社会、环境效益评价和利弊分析),提出兼顾供水、防洪、环保、海洋等行业需求的沿海围垦区蓄淡工程布局模式。研究改变现有基于陆地的水资源开发利用的模式,建立海陆结合的新型水资源开发模式。研究成果不仅仅可解决未来江苏沿海大开发淡水资源缺乏的问题,也为解决今后东部沿海城市尤其是北方沿海城市水资源的匮乏提供新思路。

The shortage of freshwater resources is an important restriction factor for large-scale reclamation and development and ecological environment protection in the coastal areas of Jiangsu Province.How to establish a more efficient water resources system with high security degree,to effectively increase the water supply and to rationally make use of water resources will be a huge challenge to the coastal development of Jiangsu Province.This study combines the distribution and association of freshwater resources in the reclamation areas(including the artificial islands).According to 'Planning outline of reclamation and development of tidal flats in coastal areas of Jiangsu Province',the types,scales and layout of freshwater-storage projects(estuarine reservoirs,river sluices,natural wetlands,plain reservoirs) are investigated,and the project scale and optimization scheme are determined.The comprehensive utility and impact(including economic,social and environmental benefits and analysis of advantages and disadvantages) of the freshwater-storage projects are evaluated.The layout mode of freshwater-storage projects in coastal reclamation areas with the functions of water supply,flood control,environmental protection,marine and other industries is proposed.Change of the development and utilization mode of the existing land-based water resources is studied,and a new water resources development mode combined with land and sea is established.The research results can solve the problem of the shortage of freshwater resources in the coastal development of Jiangsu Province,and they will provide a new way of thinking for the scarcity of water resources in eastern coastal cities,especially in the northern coastal cities.