囊型包虫病流行区犬只细粒棘球绦虫感染季节性规律研究

Study on the seasonality of Echinococcus granulosus infection in dogs in an area where cystic echinococcosis is prevalent

目的了解犬只感染细粒棘球绦虫(Eg)的时间规律,探索更加易行的犬驱虫策略。方法采取整群抽样的方法,在马尔康和松潘各抽取了1个乡,初始纳入398只犬,使用吡喹酮进行每3个月1次的驱虫,ELISA检测驱虫前犬粪感染情况。结果在3月和6月连续两次驱虫后,9月两县犬只感染水平已分别降至1.25%和1.18%,下降率分别为94.21%和91.23%。但在12月,犬只感染率大幅却上升。犬只感染主要发生在9月至次年3月。原因可能是初冬(11、12月)是屠宰季节,而初春时寒冷及草料缺乏导致牲畜大量死亡,犬进食较多感染性内脏,从而导致感染机会大幅增加。结论马尔康县初冬、初春为主要感染季节,松潘主要感染季节为冬季;应根据实际感染季节有针对性地优化防治策略。

Objective To explore feasible de-worming strategies by ascertaining the pattern of Echinococcus granulosus infection during different seasons.Methods Cluster sampling of two townships in Maerkang and Songpan resulted in initial enrollment of 398 dogs.De-worming was performed every 3 months;dog feces were collected for Copro-ELISA testing.Results The rate of infection was lower from March to September but increased from September to December.This may have been due to livestock slaughtering,which occurs mostly during this period（November and December） as well as extensive deaths of weak livestock due to cold and a shortage of fodder.Those made offal more accessible to the dogs and increased the chance of their infection.Conclusion Major seasons of infection were early winter and early spring in Maerkang and early winter in Songpan.This finding provides scientific evidence to help improve control strategies.