调节性T细胞在感染性疾病中的作用及其机制

The effects of regulatory T cells on infectious diseases and their mechanisms of action

调节性T细胞具有免疫抑制功能,对于维持机体自身耐受具有重要作用。调节性T细胞表达多种分子如CD25、CTLA-4、GITR、CD103和Foxp3等,其中Foxp3为其特异性标志物。多种病原体可诱导宿主产生调节性T细胞,调节性T细胞可作为窗口有利于病原体逃避宿主免疫攻击。使用单克隆抗体封闭调节性T细胞则有利于宿主清除病原体,同时伴有宿主的病理损伤。

CD4＋ CD25＋ regulatory T cells （Tregs） play an essential role in controlling immune responses and maintai- ning self-tolerance. CD4＋ CD25＋ Tregs constitutively express the markers of CD25, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 （CTLA-4）, the glucoeorticoid-induced TNFR-related gene （GITR）, CD103 and forkhead family transcription factor 3（Foxp3）. Foxp3 is a lineage-specific differentiation factor. CD4＋ CD25＋ Tregs induced by pathogens are involved in allowing pathogens escape from host immunity. Monoclonal antibody blocking CD4＋ CD25＋ Tregs help the host to clear pathogens but cause serious pathological damage to the host.