欧洲债务危机与社会养老保障的国家特征及中国借鉴

European Debt Crisis and National Characteristics of Countries with Old-age Security and Its Revelation

欧洲政府债务比重长期偏高的国家表现出高社会保障和福利支出比重、高社会养老保障支出比重、高公共养老金替代率和再分配功能偏低的"三高一低"特征,而这在很大程度上源于社会养老保障及其改革的刚性。因此,中国应该从长经济周期的视角来协调保障与经济发展的关系,当前社会保障建设则要适当滞后于经济发展,同时,建立多层次的退休金支付结构,强化基础养老金"保基本"的横向再分配功能,并构建养老金关键参数的弹性调整机制。

There are four characteristics of the European countries with a high proportion of government debts： the high social security and welfare spending, the high proportion of expendi- ture on old-age security, the high replacement rate and the low redistribution function of pension system. And this is largely due to the rigidity of the old-age security reform. In view of this, Chi- na should coordinate the relationship between security and economic development from the per- spective of a long economic cycle, and keep social security a little lagging behind economic devel- opment appropriately at present. Meanwhile, China should build up a multi-level structure of the pension payments, strengthen horizontal redistribution of pension system, and construct flexible adjustment mechanism on the key pension parameters.