贵州习水自然保护区不同森林植被类型的土壤特性

Soil Characteristics of Different Forests with Different Vegetation Type in Xishui Natural Reserve,Guizhou

为揭示贵州习水自然保护区不同森林植被类型与土壤特性的关系,为该保护区或类似森林土壤资源的科学评价与管理,森林植被的恢复与更新提供参考依据和基础数据,对贵州习水自然保护区内海拔高度基本相同的5种典型森林植被类型下的土壤理化性状进行了检测分析。结果表明:鹅掌楸(Lirioden-dron chinense)林下的土壤表层容重最小,孔隙度、持水量、初渗和稳渗速率表现最高,土壤平均有机质、氮素、磷素、速效钾的含量和阳离子交换量最高。说明,该森林植被类型下土壤较疏松、通气性能好,具有较高的水源涵养和水土保持功能,土壤的肥力状况最好。丝栗栲-山矾林(Castanopsis fargesii-Symplocossumuntia)在土壤的理化性状方面综合表现最差。

The soil physical and chemical characteristics of five typical forest vegetation types at similar elevation in Xishui Natural Preserve, Guizhou was determined to study the relationship between different forest vegetation types and soil characteristics, and to provide the scientific basis and basic data for evaluation and management of forest soil resources, and recovery and renewal of forest vegetation. The results showed that the bulk density of surface soil under L. chinense was the lowest, its porosity, water- holding capacity, initial infiltration rate, stable infiltration rate, average contents of organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, available potassium, and cation exchange capacity were the highest in five forest vegetation types, which indicated that the soil under L. chinense was of good aeration, high water restraint and water and soil conservation function, and best fertility. The physical and chemical characteristics of soil under Castanopsis fargesii-Symplocos sumuntia was the poorest in the five forest vegetation types.