清雍正帝面临的文化挑战与应对

Yong Zheng Emperor's Cultural Challenges and Responses in Qing Dynasty

清朝作为一个起自关外的少数民族政权,在入关之初遇到关内汉民族的强力抗争是可以想见的必然结果。然而在经过了顺治、康熙两朝近八十年的经营后,武力抗争归为沉寂、全国统一,经济也由逐步恢复走向繁荣。在这样的历史条件中,雍正作为清代入关后的第三代帝王,在政权已经稳固的情况下,他面对着来自民意的新的挑战。这种挑战不像武力对抗那样的明显、直接,它是无形的、以民间舆论的形式存在并传播的。面对这种新形势下的文化挑战,雍正采取了一些应对策略。本文以雍正帝亲自编纂的《大义觉迷录》、《圣谕广训》和《庭训格言》三部"国民教育"读本来剖析雍正时期官方与民间的思想分歧与雍正应对策略的得失。

Qing Dynasty,as the regime of minority nationality originated outside Shanhaiguan Pass,necessarily experienced strong resistance from the Han nationality inside the Pass.However,after nearly eighty years management of Shun Zhi and Kang Xi,force resistance had died down,the country was unified,economy had become prosperous.In such historical conditions,Yong Zheng,as the third generation emperor in Qing Dynasty,what new challenges did he face with? This kind of challenge,which was different from force resistance,was invisible,and existed as well as broadcasted in the form of public opinions.Facing with this kind of cultural challenge,Yong Zheng adopted some countermeasures.The paper analyzed the differences between official and folk opinions as well as the gain and loss of the countermeasures Yong Zheng adopted with 'Awakening from Delusion','The Sacred Edict'and 'Ting Xun Ge Yan'.