中山市鼻咽癌流行病学危险因素探究

An epidemiological exploration on risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Zhongshan City

目的探究中山市鼻咽癌的发病危险因素,为深入开展鼻咽癌病因预防提供科学依据。方法收集广东省中山市人民医院肿瘤防治中心放疗科的100例鼻咽癌新发病例,同时按1∶3匹配收集(同性别、年龄±5岁)300名对照进行问卷调查,运用条件Logistic回归模型筛选出与鼻咽癌发病有关的独立危险因素。结果 7项暴露因素与鼻咽癌密切相关:鼻咽癌家族史、EB病毒感染、居所附近空气污染、职业接触有害物质、幼年时厨房与卧室分开、吸烟、饮茶,其OR值分别为:4.03、1.44、2.14、1.76、0.46、1.96、0.53。此外,经常锻炼、较好的情绪调节能力是农村地区居民患鼻咽癌新的保护因素。结论中山市鼻咽癌发病的重要危险因素除EB病毒感染、鼻咽癌家族史外,空气污染、长期接触有害物质、吸烟、饮酒等也会显著增加患鼻咽癌的风险,而健康行为如长期锻炼、经常食用新鲜水果蔬菜、饮茶等会降低鼻咽癌发生的风险。

Objective To investigate risk factors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） in Zhongshan City, and to provide scientific basis for etiology and prevention of NPC. Methods A case-control study matched by age （±5years） and sex was conducted in 100 cases with pathological diagnosis and 300 controls in Zhongshan hospitals. Conditional Logistic regression model was used to select NPC related risk factors. Results Seven factors were closely related to NPC ： family history of NPC, EB virus infection, air pollution, occupational exposure to hazardous substance, not living room adjoining kitchen in childhood, tobacco smoking, tea drinking. The OR value for each risk factor was 4.03,1.44,2.14,1.76,0.46, 1.96,0.53, respectively. Regularly exercise, well mood regulation ability was new protection factors in rural areas. Conclusions Besides genetic factor and EB virus infection, occupational exposure to hazardous substance, air pollution, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking also play roles in the high incidence of NPC in Zhongshan City, while some health behaviors such as rguularlv exercise, fresh fruit and vegetables and tea-drinkingcould orevent the occurrence of NPC.