评“国际制度和平论”

ON INTERNATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL PEACE

国际制度和平论是美国自由制度主义国际关系理论的一个基本结论。与“民主和平论”、“经济相互依存和平论”自由主义国关理论的两大传统分支不同 ,新近诞生的自由制度主义或制度和平论从现实主义国际关系理论借鉴了两个假定 :世界的无政府状态和民族国家的理性自私。但自由制度主义认为 ,从以上两个假定并不必然得出如现实主义那样关于强权政治、冲突和战争的悲观结论。事实上 ,在国际制度的辅助下 ,无序的世界可以改造为一个更加稳定和有序的世界。毋庸置疑 ,“国际制度和平论”在理论上功不可灭 ,如它重视面临不断增长的“全球性问题”等人类共同利益领域 ;另一方面 ,国际制度和平论也有一些缺陷 ,最显著的是忽视了国际关系特别是国际安全领域中相对利益或相对主义仍占据主导地位这个基本现象。

The international institutional peace is one of the conclusions of the American liberal international relations theories (IRT). Unlike the democratic peace and the economic interdependence peace theories, the liberal institutionalism or institutional peace theory borrows two assumptions from realistic IRT: the anarchy of the world and the rational egoism of the nation states. From these, one does not necessarily arrive at the pessimistic conclusion about power politics, conflicts and war, as realist IRT authors do. The anarchic world can be reformed into a more secure and ordered one, if not into a world government. Making theoretical contributions, such as valuing the common interest of the human being in the face of growing “global problems,” the institutional peace theory has its vulnerabilities as well. The most obvious one is that it overlooks the predominance of relative interest in international relations, especially in the realm of international security.