美国反文化运动探源

THE ORIGIN OF THE COUNTER CULTURE MOVEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

20世纪 60年代 ,美国社会发生了一场以青年为主体的抗议运动 ,运动波及社会政治、文化等各个领域 ,影响至今。本文姑且这场反抗运动统称为反文化运动。本文通过口述历史的方法 ,并结合大量的文献资料 ,对这场反抗运动的根源进行了探讨。得出结论认为 ,除种族歧视、越战等显而易见的原因外 ,动荡原因还在于 60年代美国正在由工业社会向后工业社会转型 ,社会结构面临调整。青年人的反抗是转型时期矛盾和冲突的结果。冷战及社会动荡 ,又加剧了他们的反抗。垮掉派作家的作品及思想 ,为这场运动提供了丰富的思想资源。

A protest movement with young people as its main body was initiated in American society in the 1960s. Affecting social, political and cultural spheres of the time, its impacts are still felt up to the present. Referring to this movement as the “counter cultural movement,” the author makes an investigation of its origin and concludes that the turbulence was caused by the impending readjustment of social structure during the transition from industrial to postindustrial society in the 1960s, in addition to the racial discrimination and the Vietnam War. The resistance of the youth resulted from the contradictions and conflicts in the transitional period and was aggravated by the Cold War and the social turbulence.