棉花烂铃的防治措施研究

Study on Control Measures of Cotton Boll Rot

棉花烂铃是棉花结铃期到吐絮阶段的主要灾害之一,在我国主要棉区每年都有不同程度的发生。减少棉花烂铃对提高棉花产量和纤维品质以及降低棉农的用工成本具有重要意义。以冀优01为试材,比较了在棉花烂铃发病初期喷施9种杀菌剂(20%乙酸铜WP 500倍液、75%百菌清WP 800倍液、20%噻森铜WP 400倍液、12.5%烯唑醇WP 1 000倍液、80%代森锰锌WP 500倍液、40%甲硫.30%福美双WP 500倍液、20%松脂酸铜EC 500倍液、25%腈菌唑EC 400倍液、50%多菌灵WP 600倍液)以及在棉花管理中运用5种常用农艺措施(化控、推株并拢、整枝、浅锄松土、去除苞叶)对棉花烂铃的防治效果,以筛选出防治或降低棉花烂铃的杀菌剂种类和农艺措施。结果表明:试验的9种杀菌剂中,80%代森锰锌WP 500倍液对棉花烂铃防治效果最好,有机铜类杀菌剂也表现出了较好的防治效果;试验的5种常用农艺措施中,推株并拢对棉花烂铃防治效果最好,浅锄松土和去除苞叶对减少烂铃也有一定效果。今后对棉花烂铃防治的研究重点应在高效杀菌剂的开发和筛选,以及抗烂铃棉花品种的选育上。

Cotton boll rot was one of the main diseases from boll setting stage to boll opening stage, which occurred with different degree in main cotton areas every year. Decreasing cotton boll rot had important significance for increasing cotton yield and fiber quality, and decreasing farmers＇ labor cost. Using Jiyou 01 as the material, the control effects of nine fungicides （500 times liquid of 20% copper acetate WP, 800 times liquid of 75% chlorothalonil WP, 400 times liquid of 20% saisen tong WP, 1 000 times liquid of 12. 5% diniconazole WP, 500 times liquid of 80% mancozeb WP, 500 times liquid of 40% thiophanate-methyl ~ 30% thiram WP, 500 times liquid of 20% copper abietate EC, 400 times liquid of 25% myclobutanil EC and 600 times liquid of 50% carbendazim WP） at the initial infection stage, and the effects of five common agronomic measures （chemical control, pushig line together, plant pruning, shallow hoeing and loosing soil, and removing bracts） on cotton boll rot were compared. The results showed that the effects of 500 times liquid of 80% mancozeb WP was the best, and organic copper fungicides had better control efficacy. Pushing line together had the best control effect, and shallow hoeing and loosing soil and removing bracts had better effects. The future research directions were the development of high efficiency fungicides and breeding of boll rot resistant varieties.