海水养殖珍珠杂色物质的结构与成分分析

The observation and analysis of variegated substance of seawater cultured pearl

为了解海水养殖珍珠出现杂色异型的原因,借助扫描电镜观察海水养殖珍珠杂色物质的细微结构,并利用热重分析仪和傅里叶红外光谱仪对珍珠杂色部位的成分进行分析。经过电镜观察发现杂色珍珠从外到内具有以下结构:珍珠层-棱柱层-过渡层-杂色层-珠核。其棱柱层大约20μm,过渡层大约10μm,杂色层厚度不均匀,最厚处可达50μm。实验结果表明,海水养殖珍珠杂色物质主要是由无机文石晶体与蛋白质类有机物粘合而成的、具有网孔状叠层结构的特殊物质。

In order to explore the cause for the existence of variegated substance in seawater cultured pearls,the authors observed the microstructure of variegated substance with scanning electron microscopy（SEM）,and then used thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier infrared spectrometer（FIR） to analyze the composition of variegated substance.Through SEM observation,the authors found that the variegated seawater cultured pearl contains nacre,prismatic layer,intermediate layer,variegated layer and nucleus from the outer part to the inner part.The thickness of the prismatic layer and the intermediate layer are 20 and 10 μm,respectively,whereas the thickness of variegated layer is nonuniform,even reaching 50 μm.The experimental result shows that the variegated substance mainly consists of aragonite and proteins which jointly constitute the laminated and reticular structure.